The Key Differences Between Compression, Extension, and Torsion Springs | Penn-Elkco Spring

Springs are essential components in countless mechanical systems, from industrial machinery to everyday consumer products. Understanding the differences between the main types of springs—compression, extension, and torsion—is crucial for mechanical engineers and purchasing agents alike. Each spring type serves a unique function and is designed for specific applications. Here’s a clear breakdown of how they differ and where each excels.

Compression Springs

• Function: Compression springs are designed to resist being compressed. They push back when a force is applied, returning to their original shape when the force is removed.
• Shape: Typically coiled in a helical shape with open ends.
• Common Uses: Automotive suspensions, ballpoint pens, industrial equipment, and medical devices.
• Key Advantage: Simple, reliable, and efficient at absorbing shock or maintaining a force between two surfaces.

Extension Springs

• Function: Extension springs are designed to absorb and store energy by resisting a pulling force. They stretch when a load is applied and return to their original length when the load is removed.
• Shape: Helical coils with hooks or loops at each end for attachment.
• Common Uses: Garage doors, trampolines, farm machinery, and automotive interiors.
• Key Advantage: Excellent for applications where a component needs to return to a specific position after being pulled apart.

Torsion Springs

• Function: Torsion springs work by resisting twisting or rotational forces. They store and release angular energy.
• Shape: Coiled springs with straight legs that are anchored to other components, allowing rotation around an axis.
• Common Uses: Clothespins, hinges, automotive trunk lids, and industrial levers.
• Key Advantage: Perfect for applications requiring rotational force or torque.

Choosing the Right Spring for Your Application

When selecting a spring, consider the type of force (compression, tension, or torsion) your application requires. Compression springs are ideal for absorbing shock or maintaining a push force. Extension springs are best for returning components to a starting position after a pull. Torsion springs are the go-to solution for rotational applications.

Penn-Elkco Spring Company is a leading manufacturer of compression, extension, and torsion springs. With over 65 years of experience, Penn-Elkco provides expert engineering, custom solutions, and quality manufacturing for projects of any size. Whether you need a prototype or a production run, their team can help you select and design the right spring for your needs.

Contact Penn-Elkco Spring Company:
1017 Delaum Road
St. Marys, PA 15857
Toll Free: 1.800.854.4658
Local: 814.834.4304
Fax: 814.834.1284
www.pespring.com

Partnering with an experienced spring manufacturer ensures you get the right type, material, and design for your specific needs. Whether you’re designing a new product or sourcing replacement parts, understanding these key differences will help you make informed decisions and optimize performance.